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| Piotrków Trybunalski (Petrikau) during German occupation. |
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| Two sisters, Mania and Hania, born in 1921 and 1922, were brought to the port of Stockholm from Lübeck by the UNRRA White Boat SS Kastelholm. |
The story of the Holocaust of the Jews of Piotrków, in Swedish, was written by a Swedish doctor on July 15, 1945. Two sisters, Mania and Hania, born in 1921 and 1922, were brought to the port of Stockholm from Lübeck by the UNRRA White Boat SS Kastelholm. Does anyone know them? What happened to them?
I just received a call from Hania Izraelowicz's son. He lives in Stockholm. He told me about the later history of Hania and Mania, his mother and her sister (his aunt). His father, also from Piotrków, is Szpiro.
The picture above with many names is from a long list of the 271 (or more) female workers who were sent from the Piotrków Trybunalski factories to the Ravensbrück concentration camp. All on the list are women. There are several children, mainly girls, on the list, many as young as 3 years old, thus born in the Piotrków Ghetto. A similar German list exists for men from the three factories in Piotrków who were then separated from their families and deported to the Buchenwald concentration camp.
Numbers 116 and 117 on the list are the sisters Hanka and Mania Izraelewicz. then 22 and 23 years old. I cannot find their parents on this list...
They ended up like the other women in the Ravensbrück camp and had to work there. The front in the west advanced east, and now the Germans have once again been forced to empty the camp and move the prisoners. For the Ravensbrück prisoners, it became Bergen-Belsen.
All of this has been recorded by a Swedish doctor, Rut Johansson, at a Swedish Emergency hospital in Sigtuna shortly after the sisters arrived in Stockholm, Sweden via the UNRRA "White Boat" mission in 1945.Notes — in typescript, ink, or aniline pen — regarding medical history, status, progress, the patient's condition at enrollment, etc., complete enough to form a reliable basis for investigation according to the Military Compensation Ordinance. The doctors who made these notes shall sign with a clear name.
Polish Jewess. Unmarried.
Mosaic (Jewish) faith.
Lungs and heart: nothing physical [noted]. Abdomen: 0. Reflexes: unremarkable. Blood pressure: 105/85.
Scar marks on the body ("scabies bites"). (Patient Johannson).
July 30 Urine: negative. August 3 Hemoglobin: 74%.
Swedish version:
Tekst drukowany (nagłówek):
Anteckningar — med maskinskrift, bläck eller anilinpenna — angående anamnes, status, förlopp, den sjukes tillstånd vid inskrivningen m m så fullständiga att de kunna bilda ett säkert underlag för utredning jämlikt militärersättningsförordningen. De läkare, som gjort dessa anteckningar, underteckna med tydligt namn.
Dopiski odręczne:
Polsk judinna. Og.
Mosaik trosbek.
Från Piotrkow i Polen. 1942 tills. med sin syster till arbetsläger i sin hemstad (snickerifabr.). Nov. -44 till Ravensbrück. Mars -45 till Bergen. Systrarna följts åt till Sverige. En broder o. modern förda till Auschwitz. Fadern troligen till Buchenwald. Vet intet om familjens vidare öden.
Frisk tid. Njursjukd. -42 i Piotrkow. Fläcktyfus i Bergen mars - apr.
Ej difteri el. skarl.
Vaccinerad mot tyfus o. dysenteri i Piotrkow. — Inga flykn. fr. väg.
Status 19/7 -45. A.t. gott. Hull o musk. u.a. Svalg: u.a.
Pulm. et cor: 0 fys. Buk: 0. Refl. u.a. Bltr. 105/85.
Ärr-märken på kroppen ("skabbett"). (Pat. johannson).
30/7 Urin: neg. 3/8 Hb: 74%
- Piotrków Trybunalski: This was the site of the first Nazi ghetto in occupied Poland. The "furniture factory" mentioned was likely the Bugaj or Hortensja works, where many Jews were used as forced labor.
- The Family: The mention of family members being sent to different camps (Auschwitz, Buchenwald) is a typical and tragic reflection of how families were torn apart during the Holocaust.
- Medical Condition: Despite having survived typhus (which killed thousands in Bergen-Belsen) and showing scars from scabies (common in overcrowded camps), her general condition by July 1945 was recorded as "good," suggesting she was recovering well in Sweden.
- The history of forced labor in Piotrków Trybunalski is significant because it was the site of the first Nazi ghetto in occupied Poland, established just weeks after the invasion in October 1939.The labor camps you see mentioned in the document you shared were essentially the "remnants" of this ghetto after its major liquidation in 1942.The Major Labor SitesDuring the occupation, several pre-war factories were converted into forced labor sites for Jewish prisoners:
- "Bugaj" (Dietrich-Fischer Holzwerke): A large woodworking and furniture factory. This is almost certainly the "snickerifabr." (carpentry factory) mentioned in your document.
- "Hortensja" and "Kara" Glassworks: These industrial glass factories employed over 1,000 Jews who worked under brutal conditions as glass blowers and loaders of heavy raw materials like coal and sand.
- Workshops (Szopy): The Judenrat established various internal workshops for tailoring, shoemaking, and hosiery to prove the "economic utility" of the Jews and delay deportations.
Timeline of the Camps- October 1942 (Liquidation): Approximately 22,000 Jews were deported from the ghetto to the Treblinka death camp. Only about 2,000–2,400 people with official work permits were spared to continue working in the factories.
- 1942–1944 (The "Small Ghetto"): The remaining laborers were confined to a small area of the city. While technically "protected" by their labor, they lived under constant threat of execution, especially at the Synagogue or the nearby Raków forest.
- November 1944 (Final Liquidation): As the Soviet army approached, the remaining camps were shut down. Polish workers continued to work at Bugaj factory and the glassworks.
- Men were mostly sent to Buchenwald or armaments factories in Częstochowa.
- Women and children were sent to Ravensbrück, which matches the exact path of the survivor in your document.


