Making ice from liquid water is simple enough. Figuring out the molecular processes underlying the transformation, is, however, far more difficult. When freezing biological specimens, I tried to avoid the water crystallization within the specimens. It was difficult and I used different freezing media or freezing against cooled metal mirror.
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| Quick frozen nerve tissue and cut in frozen state at -120 C and observed frozen in the electron microscope. |
One wanted to achieve amorphous water (ice) or small ice crystals that were not demolishing the cell structure and its compartments. That was in the scientific lab. Outside, "mother nature" is the one that designs the final product!
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Uppåtriktade istappar |
