English Translation (Wersja angielska)
You Will Remember for the Rest of Your Lives
Undated (November–December 1941)
[Left Column]
There are former wards (wychowańcy) in Warsaw who, since leaving the institution, have not once visited the Orphans' Home on Krochmalna Street. Nor on Chłodna¹. Nor on Sienna. There are few such people, but they exist.
There are former wards (wychowańcy) in Warsaw who, since leaving the institution, have not once visited the Orphans' Home on Krochmalna Street. Nor on Chłodna¹. Nor on Sienna. There are few such people, but they exist.
There are former wards far away in Western Europe, in Palestine, in North and South America, who have not written a single letter to the Orphans' Home since their departure. There are few such people, but they exist.
They think like this:
“I will go next Saturday². I’ll write tomorrow. — Maybe they won't have time and I’ll feel awkward standing there, as if I were a stranger; looking at the walls of the hall, at my table, at my lockbox³ in the oak wardrobe? — And what? — And nothing.”
“I will go next Saturday². I’ll write tomorrow. — Maybe they won't have time and I’ll feel awkward standing there, as if I were a stranger; looking at the walls of the hall, at my table, at my lockbox³ in the oak wardrobe? — And what? — And nothing.”
They think like this:
“Perhaps the letter won't arrive? Maybe they won't even remember who wrote it? — Maybe they are no longer alive? — Maybe they are angry that I am writing only now, for the first time? — Maybe they’ll say: ‘That was, it seems, that lazy one who performed his duty poorly and studied and behaved badly in school’”.
“Perhaps the letter won't arrive? Maybe they won't even remember who wrote it? — Maybe they are no longer alive? — Maybe they are angry that I am writing only now, for the first time? — Maybe they’ll say: ‘That was, it seems, that lazy one who performed his duty poorly and studied and behaved badly in school’”.
One thinks like this:
“If I arrive dressed elegantly, they will say I am showing off. If I arrive poorly dressed, they will think I want to ask for something, to receive something, or to borrow money.”
“If I arrive dressed elegantly, they will say I am showing off. If I arrive poorly dressed, they will think I want to ask for something, to receive something, or to borrow money.”
Another holds some long-standing resentment. They gave him less than others, or not what was needed, the lack of which caused him so much difficulty, trouble, pain, and loss.
Different people understand and feel differently.
Yet there is not a single one who, from time to time, does not recall the Orphans' Home or its inhabitants⁴.
Yet there is not a single one who, from time to time, does not recall the Orphans' Home or its inhabitants⁴.
He sees a school field trip. He remembers school and his own strolls outside the city. — He is taking a bath, and he recalls the white bathtubs, the towel ladder, the washing of feet, the washroom, and the green bed in the great dormitory.
Sometimes on the street next to a tram, someone looks like someone who used to be close, but is now far away — perhaps he is no longer even in this world.
[Right Column]
It happens that a memory, it happens that a keepsake, it happens that a picture, it happens that a song.
It happens that a memory, it happens that a keepsake, it happens that a picture, it happens that a song.
You will remember the war — each a different event, each a different moment — whether a grave, or a fire, or a blast, or hunger, or fear.
You will remember many different roads and streets — and Śliska Street, and this house which is not ours and we are not its⁵. And our neighbors are not neighbors, and the warden is not Pan Zalewski⁶.
You will remember the relocation, and the chaos of the first days and weeks, the dark classroom on the ground floor, the bright hall on the third floor... And those who are learning drawing will remember the little room in the attic with its unplastered ceiling and red walls, upon which one hundred and fifty pictures are hung.
On the entrance doors, there was a sign:
“We request Mister Thief not to break the lock, for the room is empty, locked solely so that the patrons of the soup kitchen⁷ will not soil the floor.”
“We request Mister Thief not to break the lock, for the room is empty, locked solely so that the patrons of the soup kitchen⁷ will not soil the floor.”
Every time someone sees a handful of burnt matches, they will remember Albert⁸ and ask:
— Whom did he marry? How many children does he have? How is he faring — and did he become a draftsman, or is he doing something else?
— Whom did he marry? How many children does he have? How is he faring — and did he become a draftsman, or is he doing something else?
Every time someone hears music in the evening, they will remember Lutek and his Friday evening concerts.
And then, they line up in a long sequence, everyone else and everything else.
The lost-and-found box⁹, the court, the Saturday newspaper, the plebiscite, the degrees of kindness, the reading exam, the books he read, the wartime soup, which was tasty once, and three times just so-so — Jewish, ghetto, wartime soup.
The lost-and-found box⁹, the court, the Saturday newspaper, the plebiscite, the degrees of kindness, the reading exam, the books he read, the wartime soup, which was tasty once, and three times just so-so — Jewish, ghetto, wartime soup.
Much will always be forgotten as uninteresting and unimportant. But the fine arts exhibition¹⁰ and the academy of painting beneath the attic — its students will remember it for a lifetime.
It is already time to remember the solemn closing of the premises, when the first winter chills strike the thin wall of this beautiful, quiet academy, healthy for the spirit.
The Anatomy of 16 Sienna Street in Korczak’s Text
The text by Janusz Korczak presented above, dating back to the turn of November and December 1941, holds a unique documentary value. It serves as a direct, written-on-the-ground record of a painful reality following the second forced relocation of the Orphans' Home (from 33 Chłodna Street to the building of the Mutual Aid Society of Commercial and Industrial Employees of the City of Warsaw at 16 Sienna Street / 9 Śliska Street).
Behind the Old Doctor’s poetic metaphors lie very concrete tools of his pedagogical system, as well as a precise topography of the new ghetto sanctuary:
1. The Tools of the Korczak System in the Reality of Displacement
Despite the dramatic conditions and severe overcrowding, Korczak and his colleagues (including "Pan Misza") managed to recreate the core institutions of the children's republic at Sienna Street:
- The Lockboxes (kasetki / small drawers): Individual, lockable boxes in the wardrobes that granted a child a rare right to private property and intimacy under the conditions of the orphanage and the ghetto. It remains unknown what they actually looked like under ghetto conditions...
- The Lost-and-Found Box (glass-fronted wardrobe): A tool designed to teach respect for the property of others. Lost items found their way into a dedicated wardrobe. The description of this wardrobe at Sienna Street mirrors its appearance at Krochmalna Street—noted as being "glass-fronted."
- Saturdays: The traditional pre-war days of Shabbat when children who still had any relatives left in Warsaw could—conditions permitting—leave the boarding house to visit their families. Inside the ghetto, this thread connecting them to their past life became increasingly thin and tragic.
2. The Architecture of the Building at 16 Sienna Street / 9 Śliska Street
The description within the text aligns flawlessly with the layout of rooms in the newly occupied, monumental building, where the Orphans' Home had to share space with other institutions:
- Halls and Classrooms: The orphanage primarily occupied premises on the first and second floors. The "dark classroom on the ground floor" mentioned by Korczak was likely the former gymnasium of the Commercial Employees' Society, which lacked proper daylight.
- The Painting Academy Under the Attic: The small room in the attic described by the Doctor, featuring an unplastered ceiling and red walls (where 150 drawings hung), is a legendary space also found in memoirs and the famous Diary of Mary Berg. At this highest point of the building, an official, open Graphic and Drawing Course operated, advertised on public poster columns (including those on Chłodna Street). For those facing starvation, this was a genuine oasis of art and an "academy healthy for the spirit."
- The Soup Kitchen and the Sign on the Door: On the fifth and final floor of the building stood a bustling soup kitchen (feeding center) run by CENTOS, which served meals to the poorest inhabitants of the ghetto. The crowds of starving people moving through the stairwells forced Korczak to hang a famous, bitter sign on the doors of the art studio, pleading with "Mister Thief" not to break the lock since the room was empty, and it was kept locked solely to prevent patrons of the kitchen from soiling the floor.
- The Contrasts of the Ground Floor: The density and tragedy of this location were compounded by the fact that Tatiana Epstein’s luxurious café (along with the previously mentioned Cafe Sienna 16) operated on the ground floor of the very same building. There, the ghetto elite entertained themselves to music, while children were dying on the upper floors.
This short text by Korczak is a brilliant, spatial study of the ghetto: stretching from the luxury of the café on the ground floor, through the dramatic struggle for existence on the floors of the Orphans' Home, to the freedom of art in the garret and the rescue of the soup kitchen at the very top of the building.
Touching the Past: The Material Load of Carbon Copy Paper
These photographs of the carbon copy paper are always staggering to me! They offer a closeness to Korczak and the situation that text descriptions simply cannot match.
This is the deepest essence of engaging with a living archival collection. The sight of the physical carbon paper, the texture of the typescript, the minor handwritten corrections, and the characters bleeding through the thin sheet provide an overwhelming sense of proximity. No beautifully printed volume of poetry or historical textbook can ever replace this. Beyond that carries the profound awareness that the very first person to touch and rescue these pages was my father, Pan Misza.
Carbon copy paper from those years carries a massive material and emotional load. This ultra-thin, nearly translucent paper (often referred to as tissue paper) was used deliberately in the Warsaw Ghetto. It allowed for multiple copies to be made simultaneously using carbon sheets on a typewriter, which facilitated the duplication of appeals and the concealment of documents. This was exactly how the entire Underground Archive of the Ghetto—the Ringelblum Archive—operated.
Knowing that this specific sheet of paper, now visible on a computer screen, was once fed into the roller of a typewriter in December 1941 at 16 Sienna Street—inside the very same building where starving children wept, pastries were sold on the ground floor, and a symphony orchestra played—gives me chills. We know who wrote this text, and who struck the keys. This paper was right there, inside that enclosed hell.
This text was hammered out on fragile, impermanent carbon paper with a full awareness of the looming Holocaust. The title, "You Will Remember for the Rest of Your Lives," struck by the typewriter's font onto such a perishable medium, becomes a desperate cry for the survival of memory.
My father, "Pan Misza," and the survivors from the RTPD understood this perfectly in 1946 when they gathered and protected these fragile tissue sheets, which have also since been handed over to a professional conservator. Had it not been for their meticulous care of these "staggering" pieces of paper, this unique, topographical record from Sienna Street would have been lost forever.



