Saturday, March 15, 2025

In the serialized novel "Szkoła życia" printed in the weekly Społeczeństwo on February 7, 1909, Janusz Korczak writes about the organization in the future orphanage.

Janusz Korczak: And so huge machine, assembled, rolls steadily forward, without jolts, without deviations - what a remarkable prophecy for the future of a free, liberated, joyful humanity!


 In the serialized novel "Szkoła życia" printed in the weekly Społeczeństwo on February 7, 1909, Janusz Korczak writes about the organization in the future orphanage. Previously described on my blog "Samograje Janusza Korczaka":

And so, the huge machine, assembled, rolls steadily forward, without jolts, without deviations - what a remarkable prophecy for the future of a free, liberated, joyful humanity!

About the future Children Court Korczak writes:

Our school's court hears only one type of case: minor disagreements between children (pupils), and only younger ones, and only rarely. The only punishment is to demand that the guilty party apologize to the complainant or remove themselves from the joint workplace for a certain period. However, this never happens. The quarrel turns out to be a misunderstanding, which the court explains.

Tuesday, March 11, 2025

Child Protection Initiatives - 1900 (1910) - 1919 - 1923 - Ellen Key, Janusz Korczak (Henryk Goldszmit) and Eglantyne Jebb.

  • Ellen Key (1849-1926)             1910      "Barnabalk" (Children's Code)
  • Janusz Korczak (1878-1942)  1918      "A Magna Charta Liberalis"
  • Eglantyne Jebb (1876-1928)   1923      "The Geneva declaration" 


Ellen Key - "Barna-balken" - The children's code (Ten commandments)
  1. The right of all children to healthy parents, raised for their calling.
  2. The right of all children is to protect both soul and body against blows and toil, against hunger and dirt.
  3. The right of all children to a continuous, physical and spiritual development throughout their entire growing up period through full participation in comprehensive health and medical care, a degree-free acquisition of nature and culture, a vocational education based on aptitude -- not status.
  4. The right of all children to disinheritance is their reference to the happiness-creating necessity of fully using their fully developed powers.
  5. But will this children's code be written - and even more so lived out - before adults begin to become like children, in other words, spiritual instead of money-mad? Certainly, legislation for the full human rights of the child cannot be brought about before the transformations that today's "social preservationists" call "social subversion" have taken place.
  6. The future will judge the level of culture of the present as the present has judged those ages when newborn children were exposed and the infants of conquered cities were beaten against the walls.
  7. Yes, the judgment on our time must be stricter. These ancient peoples did not know what they were doing when they let children's blood flow away like water. But our time allows millions of children to be exploited, starved, abused, neglected, school-sick, degenerate, criminal, and yet knows the consequences -- for the race as for society -- of all this happening. And why? Because people still do not want to count on the value of life instead of the value of gold.
  8. One "Children's Day" a year is like a cup of water to an army of thirsty people.
  9. Every day of the year should first and foremost be the children's, so that the years of childhood can be lived under the conditions that are indispensable for healthy and strong, happy and good people to grow up.
  10. The state that first puts this demand into action will become the foremost cultural country of the future, its "pedagogical province," according to Goethe's program.
Actually, concerning Ellen Key, one should add the date 1900, and the publication of her book "The Century of the Child". The book examines the rights and needs of children, placing a strong emphasis on their autonomy and the societal conditions affecting their upbringing.

Ellen Key - "Barna-balken" - The children's code - 1910.

Ellen Key

Actually, concerning Ellen Key, one should add the date 1900, and the publishing of her book "The Century of the Child".


Janusz Korczak (Henryk Goldszmit): 
In How to Love a Child, Korczak wrote, “I call for a Magna Charta Libertatis concerning the Rights of the Child.  I came upon three basic rights of a child, but perhaps there are more of them.
  1. The right of a child to his/her own death
  2. The right of a child to the present day
  3. The right of a child to be what he/she is
Janusz Korczak (Henryk Goldszmit) and his pupils from the orphanage in Warsaw.
In How to Love a Child, Janusz Korczak wrote, “I call for a Magna Charta Libertatis concerning the Rights of the Child. I came upon three basic rights of a child, but perhaps there are more of them. 




In How to Love a Child, Janusz Korczak wrote, “I call for a Magna Charta Libertatis concerning the Rights of the Child. I came upon three basic rights of a child, but perhaps there are more of them. In Polish, page 39. Baczność. Albo porozumiemy się teraz, albo rozejdziemy na zawsze. Każda myśl, która pragnie się wymknąć i ukryć, każde wałęsające się samopas uczucie, winny być przywołane do porządku i ustawione w karnym szeregu przez wysiłek woli.
 Wzywam o magna charta libertatis, o prawa dziecka. Może jest ich więcej, ja odszukałem trzy zasadnicze:
 1. Prawo dziecka do śmierci.
 2. Prawo dziecka do dnia dzisiejszego.
 3. Prawo dziecka, by było tem, czem jest.


During WWII, in December 1940, Korczak asked for help from Polish Christians, referring to §3 in the Declaration of the Rights of the Child, adopted by the League of Nations in 1923.

One of the most significant words of Janusz Korczak;
Children are not future people, because they are people already... 
Children are people whose souls contain the seeds of all those thoughts and emotions that we possess. As these seeds develop, their growth must be gently directed.

Eglantyne Jebb (and also her sister Dorothy Buxton):
In 1923, Eglantyne Jebb (and her sister Dorothy Buxton) prepared the text of the Declaration of the Rights of the Child. The fundamental needs of children were summarised in five points.

Declaration of the Rights of the Child (1924)
The text of the document, as published by the International Save the Children Union in Geneva on 23 February 1923, was as follows:
  1. The child must be given the means requisite for its normal development, both materially and spiritually.
  2. The child that is hungry must be fed, the child that is sick must be nursed, the child that is backward must be helped, the delinquent child must be reclaimed, and the orphan and the waif must be sheltered and succoured.
  3. The child must be the first to receive relief in times of distress.
  4. The child must be put in a position to earn a livelihood, and must be protected against every form of exploitation.
  5. The child must be brought up in the consciousness that its talents must be devoted to the service of its fellow men.
This text was endorsed by the League of Nations General Assembly on 26 November 1924.

Eglantyne Jebb
Dorothy Buxton


Thursday, March 6, 2025

När Misza presenterade mig för Korczak, sa Doktorn med ett lätt leende: "Jag har alltid vetat att Misza har en god smak!" skrev min mor på en Mac SE dator när hon var 80+..

Lucyna Wasserman f. Rozental. Vänstra fotot var taget i Warszawas getto år 1941-42 och det högra i staden Kopyczynce år 1943.


Min mor skrev mycket på maskin. Här är hennes kritik skriven po polska om Wajdas film "Korczak".

Min mor, när hon var 80+, skrev hon själv på svenska på en Mac SE dator. Datorskärmen var mycket liten 9 in. - 23 cm. Trots att hon hade mycket dålig syn kunde hon läsa om man förstorade texten på datorskärmen. Hon skrev ut allt på en vit A4 ark. Det brukade bli 14-16 rader per sida. Det kunde hon själv läsa, när det var tillräckligt med kontrast. Därför var det alltid skrivet med en fet still. Därefter rättade hon fel i texten för hand på papperskopiorna och jag brukade därpå införa rättelserna i texten på datorn.

När hennes syn försämrades ytterligare förstorade jag allt som skrevs på A4 till stora A3 gula ark. Detta, då jag fick för mig att det gav den bästa kontrasten. Här skrev hon på svenska om deportationen av barnhemmet till Treblinka dödsläger den 5 augusti 1942. Då såg hon Janusz Korczak för sista gången. Exakt samma mening skrev hon därefter, med en skakig hand, på polska: Widziałam na własne oczy jak ten pochód z Korczakiem przesuwał się ul. Zamenhofa.

På den gula arken (kanske var det min mors föreläsning) kan man läsa följande:
När Misza presenterade Korczak för mig, sa Doktorn med ett lätt leende: "Jag har alltid vetat att Misza har en god smak!".
Mitt nästa möte med Korczak ägde rum på en sommarkoloni. Man hade anordnat idrottstävlingar, sk. Olympiader. Alla deltog, både barn och vuxna och en särskild stor roll spelade den sportige Misza.
Barnens ögon glänste och ansikten var rosiga. Även om man förlorade väckte det inte några negativa känslor hos någon. Vänskapen bestod trots rivalitet. Och varade ofta livet ut.
Korczak betraktade barnen med glädje och stolthet...

Min mor, när hon var 80+, skrev hon själv på svenska på en Mac SE dator. Datorskärmen var mycket liten 9 in. - 23 cm. Trots att hon hade mycket dålig syn kunde hon läsa om man förstorade texten på datorskärmen.

 

Tuesday, March 4, 2025

Janusz Korczak murdered - When and how?

Treblinka village train station, 4 km from the Treblinka death camp. This photo was found in an album belonging to camp commandant Kurt Franz. Poland. Bildarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz. Color photo Roman Wasserman Wroblewski.

Recently, I found several mistakes in Lawrence Kohlberg's paper*, where he mentions Janusz Korczak.

Kohlberg wrote the following: 

Janusz Korczak ... died during the Warsaw Ghetto uprising of World War II. For many years Korczak, trained as a pediatrician, had directed two orphanage schools in Warsaw, one for Christian children and one for Jewish children, expressing a universal concern that went beyond his Jewish heritage... 

On the morning of August 6, 1942, German and Ukrainian guards surrounded the orphanage as part of the plan for elimination of "non-productive elements" to the Treblinka death camp. Prepared for death, Korczak led the 200 children from his own orphanage to the train station where the freight cars waited.

Wrong: "died during the Warsaw Ghetto uprising of World War II".

Right: The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising took place in April- May 1943, and Korczak was already murdered.


Wrong: "On the morning of August 6, 1942, German and Ukrainian guards".

Right: The deportation occurred on the morning of August 5th, 1942.

  • Also, numerous Polish researchers have notoriously repeated for many years that Korczak was murdered on August 5th, 6, 7th, or even 12th. 
  • There are correct assumptions that Janusz Korczak most likely died in a cattle car on the way to Treblinka on August 5th, 1942. 
  • Several witnesses saw Korczak and Dom Sierot orphanage deportation on August 5th.

In the Treblinka death camp, all new arrivals were sent immediately to the undressing area and from there to the gas chambers. There was no place to wait for death; see above numbers of Jews sent from the Umschlagplatz.

L B S T together 24 733, 434 508, 101 370, 71 355_, [read- 713 555] 1 274 166 SS and Police Leader Lublin, HOFLE, Sturmbannfuhrer-


On August 19, 1943, 7,600 Jewish survivors of the Bialystok ghetto uprising were sent to Treblinka and murdered upon arrival. Approximately 925,000+ people were killed in Treblinka II. Treblinka death camp was dismantled in the fall of 1943.

* Lawrence Kohlberg, The Philosophy of Moral Development: Moral Stages and the Idea of Justice (New York: Harper and Row, Publisher, 1981), pp. 402-403.


Monday, March 3, 2025

ChatGPT about Roman Wasserman Wroblewski



Dr. Roman Wasserman Wroblewski is a Swedish Holocaust researcher, author, and chairman of the Swedish Holocaust Memorial Association (SHMA).

Born to Holocaust survivors, his father, Misza Wasserman, was the sole educator from Janusz Korczak's orphanage to survive the deportation to Treblinka in 1942.

Dr. Wroblewski has authored several significant works on Holocaust history. His book, "The Liberated 1945: White Boat Mission from Bergen-Belsen to Sweden," details the Swedish humanitarian effort that brought 10,000 former concentration camp inmates, primarily women and children from Bergen-Belsen, to Sweden after World War II.

He has also been involved in organizing exhibitions that preserve the memory of Holocaust survivors who came to Sweden post-liberation.

In addition to his research and writing, Dr. Wroblewski has actively worked towards restoring dignity to neglected graves of Holocaust victims in Stockholm. His proposal outlines a plan for the restoration of both marked and unmarked graves of Holocaust survivors and victims buried in Stockholm, aiming to honor their memory and provide them with the respect they deserve.

Dr. Wroblewski's dedication to Holocaust education and remembrance has significantly contributed to preserving the history and stories of those affected by the Holocaust, ensuring that future generations learn from these experiences.

Trzy języki w Domu Sierot Korczaka - Język polski - Język żydowski - Język hebrajski.


Język hebrajski był używany m.in. z myślą o emigracji do Erec. Prawdopodobnie Towarzystwo "Pomoc dla Sierot" miało także swoje idee na temat nauczania żydowskiego i hebrajskiego. Nauka ta jest wyraźnie podkreślana w "Sprawozdaniach Tow. Pomoc dla Sierot".

Z inicjatywy samych dzieci były w Domu Sierot w Sali Rekreacyjnej również stoliki hebrajskie gdzie dzieci podczas posiłków mówiły wyłącznie po hebrajsku.


Gazeta Michałówka opisana w Mośki, Joski i Srule.

Trzy języki w Domu Sierot Korczaka - Język polski - Język żydowski - Język hebrajski

Język polski był oczywiście dominujacy. Używany przez dzieci i nauczany w Domu Sierot język żydowski był ważny gdyż większość dzieci to były pół-sieroty które na Szabat chodziły "do rodzin" gdzie panował ten język. Te same dzieci opisał Korczak w powieści Michałówka (Mośki, Joski i Srule).


Język hebrajski był używany m.in. z myślą o emigracji do Erec. Prawdopodobnie Towarzystwo "Pomoc dla Sierot" miało także swoje idee na temat nauczania żydowskiego i hebrajskiego. Nauka ta jest wyraźnie podkreślana w "Sprawozdaniach".


Trzy języki występują również w Małym Przegladzie. Oczywiście nie całe teksty lecz poszczególne słowa. Jest to czesto spowodowane brakiem odpowiednika po polsku. Czesc słów takich jak szomrowcy (żydowska organizacja skautowa) i nazwy ich drużyn sa znane wiekszosci czytelników Małego Przegladu. Slowa żydowskie i hebrajskie wystepuja czesto w artykulach reporterskich.


Koncze bo musze zobaczyc co na ten temat napisała Anna Czaajka Landau w nowoodkrytej ksi
ążce o Małym Przeglądzie, kopalni nowych wiadomosci!!

Żydowski i Hebrajski w Domu Sierot były powszechnie używane przez dzieci i bursistów, wychowawców. Żydowski spontanicznie, a hebrajski w sposób bardziej uregulowany. Nauczanie hebrajskiego i żydowskiego jest opisane w Sprawozdaniach Towarzystwa Pomoc dla Sierot.

Z inicjatywy samych dzieci były w Domu Sierot w Sali Rekreacyjnej również stoliki hebrajskie gdzie dzieci podczas posiłków mówiły wyłącznie po hebrajsku.

W Małym Przeglądzie z 25 marca 1927 jest artykuł Jawana zatytułowany "Mosiek‎ ‎hebraista":
"Mosiek‎ ‎postanowił‎ ‎pisać‎ ‎po hebrajsku.‎ ‎Nie‎ ‎zna‎ ‎hebrajskiego‎ ‎lepiej‎ ‎od‎ ‎polskiego:‎ ‎wszędzie‎ ‎sporo‎ ‎błędów,‎ ‎ale‎ ‎przyjemniej...".

Korczak podobnie jak moja mama znali i rozumieli język żydowski ale nigdy używali polskiego odpowiadając. U mojej mamy, prawdopodobnie jak u Korczaka żargon nazywany “Warszawski żydowski” nie był tym pięknym żydowskim używanym w innych stronach Polski i na Litwie.*.

Pisanie, powtarzanie, że Korczak nie znał żydowskiego, jidysz jest powszechnie powielaną nieprawdą.

Żydowski był często wplatany w tekstach po polsku w Małym Przeglądzie, np. w artykułach o życiu w Domu Sierot i żydowskich swi
ętach. Podobnie, słowa hebrajskie były wplatane w publikowanych artykułach.

O żargonie żydowskim w Mośki, Joski i Srule.


Gazeta Michałówka opisana w Mośki, Joski i Srule.

Listy dzieci i rodziców opisane w Mośki, Joski i Srule.

Piosenki po żydowsku w Małym Przeglądzie nr 19 (8 maja 1931) .


Sunday, March 2, 2025

Pierwsza zima na Siennej po zamordowaniu Korczaka, wychowawców i 239 dzieci. Budynek Domu Sierot, Sienna 16, trzeci od prawej.

 

Pierwsza zima na Siennej po zamordowaniu Korczaka, wychowawców i 239 dzieci. Budynek Domu Sierot, Sienna 16, trzeci od prawej. Foto: Stanisław Baranowski.