Den röda kampfisken - Judiska församlingens nya Vitbok börjar ta form - När tar man upp Minnet av Förintelsen ur malpåsen?

 

Den röda kampfisken representerar nog de styrande i Judiska församlingen. Två av Judiska församlingens senaste Generalsekreterare Lomfors och Reichel har blivit myndighetschefer hos Staten (lön 85-89,000:- då) liksom ordförande Aron Verständig som även han arbetar för Staten. En tillfällighet x 3. Nej, för flera tidigare JF anställda har deras anställning där betytt ett stort hopp i karriären och inte minst i löneutvecklingen tack vare Staten. Inte bara nu men flera decennier tillbaka. Tyvärr, så ser inte den aggressiva röda fisken att det finns en glasskiva framför fisken näsa och trots att den röda fiskens näsa är redan tillplattad så fortsätter den röda fisken men sina attacker. Den blåa fisken står stilla och dennes lugn och fast position gör att tröskelvärdet för vad den röda fisken tål sänks ytterligare. Trots att näsan är redan öm och tillplattad av glasskivan så kastar sig den röda fisken mot andra oskyldiga föremål i närheten. Nu dyker den röda fisken ner och börjar rycka upp stenar och växter. En vansinnig och okontrollerad handling. En handling utlöst av åsynen av den blåa fisken.

För 6 månader sedan, den 19 juli 2020, skändade Judiska församlingen i Stockholm Förintelsemonumentet "6 stenar - 6 miljoner". Föreningen Förintelsens Minne har i ett officiellt brev tillfrågat JFs ledning Varför, men fram tills idag har vi inte fått något svar. Vi sökte svaret hos beteendevetare och psykiatrer och de svaren vi fick är så nedlåtande att jag citerar bara ett: "De är sådana". 

Fortsättningsvis förklarar det väldigt lite. Naturligtvis så tillhör marken där de 6 minnesstenar stod - Förintelsemonumentet JF. Monumentet "6 stenar - 6 miljoner" var skapad genom medel, 70,000 kr som Judiska församlingen har för just det monumentet, sökt och erhållit bidrag från Heckscherska stiftelsen.

Att Föreningen Förintelsens Minne har stått för idéen och det praktiska genomförandet (en kostnad på 250 000 kr) var nog JFs stora problem. JF markerade det genom att inte komma till avtäckningen och utöva påtryckningar på rabbinen att inte heller delta i ceremonin (dokumentation på det finns i Föreningen Förintelsens Minne arkiv).

Resten är bara historia.

På 75 årsdagen av Vita Båtarnas ankomst med de utmärglade Bergen-Belsen fångarna beordrade JF (Aron Verständig och Ichak Reichel) bortforsling av de 6 tunga minnesstenarna. 

Stenarna med namn:

 AUSCHWITZ, TREBLINKA, MAJDANEK, CHELMNO, BELZEC och SOBIBOR. 

Kanske de klingade namnen var främmande? Namnen var dock direkt kopplade till de 6 platser där de begravdas syskon och föräldrar mördades och det totala antalet judar som mördades. "De är sådana"!

Kanske var JFs problem att avtäckningen ägde rum bara bland judar, bland de flera överlevande och deras barn. Inga utomstående, inga kungligheter eller politiker som Verständig älskar att umgås med!

Överslagshandling Den beskrivningen som jag föll för (inte diagnos) heter överslagshandling och visualiseras ovan. Två kampfiskar i ett akvarium. Mellan de en glasskiva. De attackerar upprepade gånger varandra, egentligen bara en, den röda medan den blåa bara står och stirrar. Plötsligt efter ett antal attacker mot den blåa så dyker den röda hotfulla hanen mot botten och börjar riva upp stenar. Enligt Wikipedia är en överslagshandling ett beteende som bryter fram när en individ befinner sig i konflikt mellan att utföra två eller flera handlingar. Inom psykologin är däremot en överslagshandling en omedveten försvarsmekanism där sinnet omdirigerar affekter från ett objekt som upplevs som farligt eller oacceptabelt till ett annat föremål som upplevs som säkert eller godtagbart. Stenar på akvariebotten som den röda fisken river upp har naturligtvis inget att göra med de minnesstenar som mitt i pandemin har rivits upp av Judiska församlingen. Eller?

För 6 månader sedan, den 19 juli 2020, skändade Judiska församlingen i Stockholm Förintelsemonumentet "6 stenar - 6 miljoner". Jewish Congregation action of desecrating of Holocaust Monument in Stockholm - 6 months.

Prof. Halina Neujahr som kom till Sverige med Vita båtar vägde bara 28 kg. Vikten efter att ha innan dess vårdats i 75 dagar på ett fältsjukhus i Bergen-Belsen. Hon tillhörde den skaran av överlevande som som klarade sig. Det var hennes medsystrar som blev Förintelsens offer och ligger begravda över hela Sverige, bl.a. på Norra judiska begravningsplatsen i Stockholm. Halina gick ut ur Judiska församlingen pga deras agerande i flera frågor, bl.a. i samband med Namnmonumentet vid Stora Synagogan.

För 6 månader sedan, den 19 juli 2020, skändade Judiska församlingen i Stockholm Förintelsemonumentet "6 stenar - 6 miljoner". Föreningen Förintelsens Minne har i ett officiellt brev tillfrågat JFs ledning Varför, men fram tills idag har vi inte fått något svar. Vi sökte svaret hos beteendevetare och psykiatrer och de svaren vi fick är så nedlåtande att jag citerar bara ett: "De är sådana". 

Fortsättningsvis förklarar det väldigt lite. Naturligtvis så tillhör marken där de 6 minnesstenar stod JF. Monumentet "6 stenar - 6 miljoner" var skapad genom medel, 70,000 kr som Judiska församlingen har för just det monumentet, sökt och erhållit från Heckscherska stiftelsen.
Att Föreningen Förintelsens Minne har stått för idéen och det praktiska genomförandet var nog JFs stora problem. JF markerade det genom att inte komma till avtäckningen och utöva påtryckningar på rabbinen att inte heller delta i ceremonin.

Resten är bara historia.

På 75 årsdagen av Vita Båtarnas ankomst med de utmärglade Bergen-Belsen fångarna beordrade JF bortforsling av de 6 tunga minnesstenarna. Stenarna med namn AUSCHWITZ, TREBLINKA, MAJDANEK, CHELMNO, BELZEC och SOBIBOR. Kanske klingade namnen främmande? Namnen var dock direkt kopplade till de 6 platser där de begravdas syskon och föräldrar mördades och det totala antalet judar som mördades. "De är sådana"!

Kanske var JFs problem att avtäckningen ägde rum bara bland judar, bland de flera överlevande och deras barn. Inga kungligheter eller politiker!

Vi inom Föreningen Förintelsens Minne - FMM ville minnas, ville hedra. Inte få poäng hos politiker eller umgås med släkten Bernadotte!

Stenarna är borta. De finns inte synliga vare sig på Södra eller Norra judiska begravningsplatsen. Finns de på landet hos de ansvariga i Judiska församlingen? 6 granitblock som skulle markera att J-fältet var inte en gräsmatta, ett reservfält men att i det höga oklippta gräset fanns ett 80-tal Förintelsens överlevande som blev Förintelsens offer när de dog i Sverige. Detta hände under flera månader, bl.a. just i januari 1946 för 75 år sedan.

Förra året tillförde vi inom FFM till varje grav av Förintelsens offer begravda i Stockholm lite jord från Israel. Det var dit de flesta överlevande från Bergen-Belsen och Ravensbrück ville komma till. Jag hoppas att JF inte bortforslade den jorden!

De ledande personer inom JF då skändningen ägde rum var hr. Aron Verständig och Isak Reichel.

Den 16 januari för 75 år sedan dog Sari Grünberger, bara 18 år gammal. Föreningen Förintelsens Minne har grävt upp Saris gravhäll som fanns 15 cm under markytan och var helt oläslig. Saris föräldrar och tre systrar 21, 24, 26 år gamla mördades under Förintelsen i de dödsläger som de 6 minnesstenarna markerade. Föreningen Förintelsens minne renoverade Saris sten (10,000 kr).

The famous Israeli writer Matylda Miriam Weinfeld - Miriam Akavia and her sister, Rela-Lusia, survived the Holocaust. They were brought to Sweden by UNRRA mission White boats.

Matylda - Miriam Weinfeld in the middle and her sister, Rela-Lusia and her brother Izio prior WWII.

Rela-Lusia (left ) and Hela-Chaya Weinfeld (right).

DP-2 card issued in Lübeck contains entire Weinfeld family history. Mother Bronisława, father Hirsch and brother Joseph - Izio were victims of the Holocaust. Matylda - Miriam and her sister Rella-Lusia, survived and came to Sweden on July 11, 1945 onboard of M/S Karrskär, one of the UNRRA White Boats. In Sweden she was transferred to the emergency hospital (Beredskapssjukhus) in Halmstad. After 8 months she joined her sister Rela who was in Myckelby, Sweden, working for the Joint as an assistant. In Myckelby Miriam met Hanan Jakobovicz (born in 1927, in Transylvania), a young Jewish refugee with whom she emigrated to Eretz-Israel (Palestine), on 26.5.1946. They lived for few months on kibbutz Dganya Bet in the Galilee where they got married. In 1948 Miriam and Hanan joined a group of young refuges who came to Israel from Sweden, and they established a new kibbutz, Nachsholim. They stayed there for six years until they moved to Tel Aviv where Miriam studied nursing and worked in this profession. Since 1957, the year of second big “aliya” from Poland, Miriam worked in the Jewish Agency taking care of the new immigrants, especially those with academic professions, writers and artists. 

The Hirsch family was forced to move to the Cracow Ghetto. Father, Hirsch Weinfled successfully sent his daughter, Miriam, age 15 years, and her brother, Izio to Lwów to look for refuge.

Izio Weinfeld helped people in the Lwów Ghetto, providing false identity cards, but he was captured by the Gestapo and was never seen again. Miriam now left alone in Lwów, she returned to her family to the Kraków Ghetto.

Later, on the day of the liquidation of the Cracow ghetto was one of the worst memories in Miriam’s life. Three children she was taking care of were shot in front of her eyes…

After that Miriam’s family was moved to Płaszów concentration camp. Her father was sent to Mauthausen concentration camp and it was the last time Miriam saw him… The next day Miriam, her mother, and her sister were taken to Auschwitz concentration camp. Then there was so called Death March from Auschwitz to Bergen Belsen concentration camp.

Miriam Weinfeld cites, regarding the liberation of Bergen Belsen, "I myself was lying on a heap of dead bodies and beside me was my sister Lusia, our mother was there with us, but she was no longer alive. For her, the war ended too late... Sweden chose the weakest and sickest. Nothing was demanded of us. They sanitized us... dressed us, checked us, fed us vitamins and cod liver oil, and sent us to pretty localities, most of us to hospitals."

Miriam Weinfeld and her sister, Rela-Lusia, survived. They were brought to Sweden by UNRRA mission White boats. Their mother, Bronia (Bronislawa Plesner) died a few days before the Bergen-Belsen camp was liberated by the British Army, on April 15, 1945. Their fathers´ Hirsch Weinfelds last whereabout was at the Mauthausen Camp.

As many other Holocaust survivors, Miriam Weinfeld maintained her silence for 30 years until the publication of her first book in 1975. She wrote there about her time in Lwów: My older brother [Izio] and I looked 'good' [means non-Jewish] so we were sent out of the Cracow ghetto in 1940 with false papers. But I wanted to be with my family and returned after a month of 'freedom.' My brother, who was 17, was caught by the Gestapo and we never saw him again.

In March 1946, she came with a Youth Aliya group on a boat S/S Mataroa (or S/S Cairo).from Marseille to Haifa and immediately to Kibbutz Deganya Bet. On the same ship arrived one year earlier Izrael Lau the future chief rabbi of Israel. 

Sweden, Halmstad - Emergency hospital in Brunnsåkersskolan. Due to UNRRA in June-July 1945 the school in Halmstad was used as an emergency hospital for women with TB. During six months, 450 patients were cared for, which according to hospital superintendent Gunnar Erik von Arnold's report during this time increased their weight by a total of six tonnes. Twelve of the women died and rest in a common grave at the Western Cemetery.

From UNRRA White Boat to Halmstad emergency hospital.

The child Yisrael Lau, future chief rabbi of Israel, after coming down the Mataroa, and holding the flag of the youth movement of the Buchenwald camp. The "Mataroa"' was the first ship that brought Holocaust survivors to Palestine after World War II. Most of its passengers were children: a few hundred survivors of the Buchenwald Camp (one of them was Yizrael Lau, future Chief Rabbi of Israel), and children that were hidden in France and Switzerland. The trip was the fruit of a joint effort of the Mossad for Aliya Bet and the American Army. The ship arrived at the shores of Palestine on September 9th, 1945. The survivors were brought to the Atlit camp near Haifa Bay.

Miriam Weinfeld עקביא served as Israeli cultural attaché in Stockholm in the late seventies. She also wrote a book entitled In the Land of Janusz Korczak.

Note from the writer Ronit Feingold, daughter of Miriam Matylda Weinfeld:
I just read the blog... Very nice I think I would not have described it better...
The only correction my parents came to Israel on the ship Cairo that's what they said...
Also, my father was a diplomat in Stockholm
My mother wrote also the book,: My own Wine yard about Jews in Cracow before the war, and "An end to childhood" about her experience in Lwów.
We should talk. I will try to call you next week on Whatsup.

In Polish:

Pisarka, tłumaczka, przewodnicząca Towarzystwa Izrael–Polska, krakowianka ocalała z Zagłady, autorka wspomnień: Moja winnica i Moje powroty. Urodziła się 20 listopada 1927 roku w Krakowie jako córka Hirsza Weinfelda i Broni Plessner. Mieszkała z rodzicami i rodzeństwem przy ul. Łobzowskiej 47. Przeszła przez krakowskie getto, obozy w Płaszowie, Auschwitz i Bergen–Belsen. Po wyzwoleniu trafiła do Szwecji, gdzie przez osiem miesięcy dochodziła do zdrowia w szpitalu w Halmstad. Stamtąd w 1946 roku udało jej się wyjechać do Palestyny. Mieszkała w kibucu Degania Bet w Galilei, w 1948 roku współzakładała kibuc Nachszolim. Po sześciu latach przeniosła się do Tel Avivu, gdzie studiowała historię i literaturę oraz uczyła się pielęgniarstwa. Pracowała w Agencji Żydowskiej i w Ministerstwie Spraw Zagranicznych, była attaché kulturalną w ambasadach Izraela w Budapeszcie i Sztokholmie. Była autorką jedenastu książek i laureatką wielu izraelskich nagród literackich. Zmarła 16 stycznia 2015 roku w Tel–Avivie.

The flowchart of the Holocaust - Documents representing the logistics and the Nazists a step-by-step approach of the Holocaust

A flowchart is a type of diagram that represents a workflow or process. The flowchart shows usually the steps as boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting the boxes with arrows.

The Holocaust logistics, logistics of the greatest systemic murder in human history during the Holocaust. After the start of operation Operation Reinhard the logistics were rather simple. Warsaw Ghetto and Gross action there shows how 375,000 of the Ghetto inmates were murdered in a period of just three months. A train carrying 6,000 - 10,000 Jews has run daily since 22 July from Warsaw to Treblinka. The deportation to death camps was hidden and called Relocation to the East.

The Nazi infrastructure dedicated to Jewish murder at this step included the German national railway, the Deutsche Reichsbahn, and the new technology of murdering with an infamous efficiency of the gas chambers of death camps.

Ghettoization - Railway transport - Killing

The three pictures above are the simplest flow chart representing the Holocaust. Three steps are shown above. The ghettoization, here the process of isolation of Jews in a closed area in the Warszawa - Warszawa Ghetto. In this process all Warsaw Jews and also from the neighborhood of Warsaw were gathered and imprisoned. Railway transport to death centers by boxcars was the second step. The third step was in Treblinka - killing by the suffocation in the gas chambers.  There are only few documents in the archives about this Gross Action. There was no single registration prior to the deportation to Treblinka and no registration prior the killing. Just numbers. Numbers of transported and the time table of death trains found in Deutsche Reichsbahn archives. No personal document exists concerning this type of transports. Similar system of three steps logistics existed during the Holocaust of Hungarian Jews two years later, in 1944. There was however one exeception - the process called the selection.

The Holocaust selection process refers to who was chosen for forced labour and who was sent to gas chambers upon arrival of concentration camps such as Auschwitz.During selection the Nazi doctors and commandants would assess age, physicality and skills when deciding who would be forced to work and who would be killed. On average, it is thought that around 20% of prisoners brought to the extermination camps were selected for forced labour. The remaining persons were killed in the gas chambers. In the same way as in mentioned death camp Treblinka they were never registered.

The numbers of forced laborers conscripted by the Nazi regime had steadily grown since the war began and finally came to rely upon slave laborers from all over occupied Europe. Auschwitz was not just the death and concentration camp it was also the area where German industrial enterprises built factories, often with their own subcamps. Usually the Jews were singled out for especially harsh treatment and physically punishing work, and many eventually succumbed to what the Nazis called "annihilation through work."
All forced workers were registered as SS were getting payed for each prisoner used for the slave work.

As slave workers were registered there are numerous documents related to the common transport of the slave workers between the camps and also the individual documents indicating the transports of the single inmate.

Most of these documents are at the present at Arolsen archive and also other documentation centra. 

There are also documents concerning the fate of the inmates after the liberation. Among others DP-2 cards issued in Lübeck by UNRRA at the location of Swedish Transit Hospital there. It is therefore often possible to follow a singel inmates fate as below.

Registration camp I  -  Registration camp II  -  Registration camp III   -  Displaced Person Card

9 300 of the former inmates of Bergen-Belsen camp arrived to Sweden during June - July 1945. They were transported to Sweden in White boat mission. After arrival to Sweden the former inmates of the concentration camps were placed in the Swedish Emergency Hospitals.

Approximately 1000 former inmates came to Stockholm and were located in the Emergency Hospital in Sigtuna and some more severe cases at Epidemic Hospital.

Upon arrival to Sigtuna the patients were registered using the registration number Lübeck from the Swedish Transit Hospital. The registration number was primarly on the Entry card to Sweden (Inreseuppgift)  that was organized by dr. Hans Arnoldsson. The number on 

Registration camp III - Displaced Person Card - Entry Card -  Swedish Medical Cards

Ehrenfeldová Sara born 1922. UNRRAs DP-2 card from Lübeck - Swedish Medical Card from Sigtuna. This DP-2 card can be easily found in the Arolsen archives online.
Läkarkort - Swedish Medical Card from the emergency hospital in Sigtuna is stored at Swedish National Archives, Marieberg, Stockholm.

DP-2 card from Lübeck - Swedish Medical Card from Sigtuna do have the same Lübeck number - 483. My research showed that Sara Ehrenfeld was the inmate of several concentration camps, starting from Theresienstadt and ending at Bergen-Belsen where she was liberated on April 15th. After liberation Ehrenfeld was transferred to the Field Hospital in Bergen-Belsen. On June 24-26 she was transported by ambulance train from Bergen-Belsen to the Swedish Transit Hospital. On June 28 she left Lübeck onboard White boat S/S Kastelholm. She arrived to Frihamnen port in Stockholm on July 1st. She was transported directly to the Epidemic Hospital in Stockholm. After two days of intensive care there she was transported to Sigtuna emergency hospital. Her medical card from the Sigtuna Emergency Hospital shows her weight of 28 kg, this almost 4 months after the liberation. She died on August 17th 1945 and is buried in Stockholm.

Flow chart of Sari Grünberger starting in April 1945 in Bergen -Belsen and ending in January 1946 in Stockholm.

Тушёное мясо - Rosyjska tuszonka z USA

Tuszonka (ros. Тушёное мясо, Tuszonoje miaso) czasem też swinaja tuszonka – konserwa mięsna, mielonka wieprzowa, która stanowiła podstawową rację żywnościową żołnierzy Armii Czerwonej w czasie II wojny światowej. Konserwa ta była produkowana w USA i dostarczana w ramach pomocy udzielanej przez USA Związkowi Radzieckiemu. Obecnie szereg zakładów mięsnych w Rosji produkuje konserwy z wieprzową mielonką o takiej nazwie.

Банка из под свиной тушенки, Лен-лиз, США. Продовольственная помощь СССР из Америки. Хорошо видны и читаемы все надписи на русском и английском языках.

1948

Wagony Zagłady - Powierzchnia ładunkowa 21,3m².

 

Powierzchnia ładunkowa 21,3m².

Powierzchnia ładunkowa 29m².

Powierzchnia ładunkowa 21,3m².
Jechałem kiedyś z siostrą do Treblinki. Bardzo gorący dzień. Moja siostra narzekała mimo włączonego air condition w dużym samochodzie że jest gorąco a ja myślałem tylko o Nich.

Wtedy była jeszcze stacja Treblinka i te wszystkie boczne tory gdzie stały wagony. Typowy transport z Umszlagu to 60 wagonów, w tym co najmniej dwa wagony dla strażników. W każdym wagonie umieszczano przeciętnie 100–120 osób. W Treblince, na stacji, wagony podzielone po 20 sztuk stały na bocznych torach. Lato w 1942 roku to upalne lato.

Ciemnobrązowe wagony na słońcu w upale. Cztery małe okienka dawały trochę światła. Powietrza jednak podczas oczekiwania na śmierć, nie było. Opis co się działo na 21 metrach kwadratowych chyba zbyteczny. Mój obraz to obraz datowany 5 sierpnia 1942 roku. Wtedy deportowano sierocińce, m.in. Korczaka i Dom Sierot. Jak długo czekali na mały parowóz który po 20 wagonów wpychał przed sobą na rampę obozową. Ten mały parowóz czekał następnie na zewnątrz obozu na te 20, już pustych wagonów.

Pierwszy raz wszedłem do repliki takiego wagonu w Muzeum Holokaustu w Waszyngtonie. Tam powstał u mnie ten obraz stłoczonych ludzi.

To że Janusz Korczak mógł nie dojechać żywy do Treblinki i zmarł jak wielu innych podczas morderczej podróży nie jest dla mnie sensacją. Do tego nawet nie trzeba dodawać, "uwzględniając bardzo zły stan jego zdrowia".

Zapaliłem oświetlenie w akwarium w mojej sypialni, powierzchnia sypiali 21 metrów kwadratowych, tak jak w wagonie. Do sufitu jednak prawie 4 metry a Oni mieli tylko 2 m.

SWEDISH HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION: SUMMARY OF THE ACTIVITIES 2019-2020 OF THE SWEDISH HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION (SHMA) AND KORCZAK LIVING HERITAGE ASSOCIATION (KLHA).

The research group at SHMA is working on how to link the information about the Holocaust survivors transported to Sweden during White Buses and White Boat missions from Swedish archives with documents available from the Arolsen Archives. Here at KB archives in Stockholm.

The research group at SHMA is working on how to link the information about the Holocaust survivors transported to Sweden during White Buses and White Boat missions from Swedish archives with documents available from the Arolsen Archives. Here at KB archives in Stockholm.

SUMMARY OF THE ACTIVITIES 2019-2020 OF THE SWEDISH HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION AND KORCZAK LIVING HERITAGE ASSOCIATION

I. Holocaust Memorial at the Northern Cemetery in Stockholm - "The Six Stone Monument"

The Swedish Memorial Association (SHMA) has made great efforts to honor the 75th anniversary of the deaths of the young victims buried in the Northern Cemetery in Stockholm. The SHMA erected a Holocaust Monument in October 2019 in Stockholm to commemorate the lost lives of the Holocaust victims brought to Sweden from Bergen-Belsen in 1945. The Monument was established jointly with the Jewish Congregation of Stockholm and supported by the Heckscherska Foundation as well as other private funds. The Jewish Congregation of Stockholm specifically approved the design and site of the Monument, as it was previously jointly presented to the Stockholm City Council in January 2019. The Monument unveiling ceremony took place on October 6, 2019, at the Northern Jewish Cemetery in Stockholm, and was attended by many. The Monument consists of six simple memorial stone columns representing six death camps as well as six million Jews who perished. The stones were placed among the graves of about 80 Holocaust victims who died shortly after arriving in Stockholm and were buried at the Cemetery. They were among approximately 10,000 Holocaust survivors brought from Germany to Stockholm Harbor in UNRRA White Boats to receive medical care. As part of the Monument, these 80 gravestones, hidden for almost 75 years, were dug out, uncovered, and cleaned, and some were fully restored by SHMA. Each uncovered tombstone contains personal information about the victim, including date of birth, country of origin, and date of death. Many of the victims were in their early teens when WWII started and thus were very young when they died in 1945-46 in Sweden. Poland, Hungary, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Germany, Yugoslavia, and Greece were among the countries of birth. The assembly of these newly unearthed tombstones together with the memorial stones provided unique and precious information about the otherwise completely lost individuals and their tragic histories.

The personalized experience and the testimonies (direct or indirect) of the fate of single individuals seem absolutely crucial in efforts to educate future generations about the Holocaust and to preserve the memory of the Holocaust. The Research Group at SHMA began gathering this information from the Swedish archives in 2018. 

It is inexplicable why the Jewish Congregation of Stockholm would suddenly remove in July 2020 the six memorial stones of the Holocaust Monument, representing Auschwitz, Majdanek, Belzec, Chelmno, Treblinka, and Sobibor, thus destroying the Holocaust Monument.

Main events in 2019-2020:

October 6, 2019, Unveiling of the Holocaust Monument 6 stones - 6 million - Opening Ceremony for members of SHMA.

November 9, 2019. Stockholm. SHMA commemorates the anniversary of Kristallnacht (German: “Crystal Night”), also called the Night of Broken Glass, illuminating the graves of the Holocaust victims and the "Six Stone Monument” - the six memorial stones of the Holocaust Monument, representing Auschwitz, Majdanek, Belzec, Chelmno, Treblinka, and Sobibor, and 6 million murdered Jews.

November 9, 2019. Stockholm. SHMA commemorates the anniversary of Kristallnacht

April 20, 2020. Stockholm. North Jewish Cemetery. The Swedish Holocaust Association commemorates Yom HaShoah, a Memorial Day for the Holocaust survivors who were buried on Swedish soil. This day, almost exactly 75 years ago (April 15, 1945) marks the liberation of the Bergen-Belsen camp and the transport of the Holocaust survivors into Sweden, sadly resulting in many deaths and burials in the Swedish towns. Despite the coronavirus epidemic, a symbolic ceremony was held at the "Six Stone Monument” at the Stockholm North Cemetery to commemorate the lives of some 80 survivors who were brought to Stockholm from Bergen-Belsen 75 years ago but died shortly after arrival and were buried in Stockholm. The ceremony consisted of placing the soil brought from Israel on the graves of the victims to symbolize their link with Israel, as many survivors chose to settle there.

II. Virtual Exhibition, "The Befriade 1945" or "The Liberated 1945" available on www.shma.online

II. Virtual Exhibition, "The Befriade 1945" or "The Liberated 1945" available on www.shma.online
2020. This exhibition is to preserve the memory of the Holocaust survivors who came to Sweden after the liberation when WWII was over. They were young people, mostly women, and many of them died after the liberation despite the care received here in Sweden. Those who survived managed to resume their lives in different lands after long and complicated journeys. The stories of the seven of them are described and illustrated herein in great detail.
The exhibition tells their detailed life stories after the liberation through the photographs and documents often created in Sweden and preserved in the Swedish archives. Among them are the medical histories taken by the Swedish doctors as well as various entry and exit documents issued at different times during each person's journey. Moving through these original documents and pictures, we learn not only about the journey -- from point to point-- towards the final destination, either in Israel or elsewhere in the world, but we are also able to recreate the family histories of the seven protagonists prior to liberation. Importantly, these are recorded objectively in the presented documents, creating a unique record of the experience. Access to the original documents allows the viewer to establish intimate contact with each of the survivors.

III. Completion of the book: "The Liberated 1945, White Boat Mission from Bergen-Belsen to Sweden" by Roman Wasserman Wroblewski was published in mid 2020.

III. Completion of the book: "The Liberated 1945, White Boat Mission from Bergen-Belsen to Sweden" by Roman Wasserman Wroblewski was published in mid 2020.
2020. SHMA is currently completing an illustrated book under the title "The Liberated 1945, White Boat Mission from Bergen-Belsen to Sweden" telling a largely unknown story of the important humanitarian mission to rescue the Holocaust survivors from Bergen-Belsen and bring them to Sweden in the context of the end-of-the-war political maneuvering. The book, in English (170 pages and 85 photos) tells the story based on archival photographs, using historical records such as testimonies, and archival materials such as passenger lists, registration documents, and Swedish medical records that allow reconstruction of the journeys of the individual survivors and the fates of their families who perished earlier in the death camps.

IV. The research group at the Swedish Holocaust Memorial Association - SHMA scientific projects.
The research group at SHMA is working on how to link the information about the Holocaust survivors transported to Sweden during White Buses and White Boat missions from Swedish archives with documents available from the Arolsen Archives. The Swedish documents that are not digitized are mainly at two archives in Stockholm. There are three different types of documents in Stockholm, among others, the Arrival cards, Doctors Medical Cards, and Police records. We found that these documents should be digitized and added to the individual data about each survivor stored at the Arolsen archives. The Swedish documents, such as doctors' medical cards, include information about the survivors before and during WWII and after they arrive in Sweden via White Buses or White Boat missions; see https://www.shma.online/anamnes.

V. Supporting the Mural project at the location adjoining the former Korczak Summer camp, “Rózyczka”.
The first phase of the project was initiated by the local Community and consists of a beautiful Mural with Korczak motifs painted on the concrete wall previously bordering Rózyczka camp.
In November 2019, the Korczak Living Heritage Association (KLHA) created a Committee to Support the Korczak Mural Project in Marysin Wawerski (“KOMITET”), the location adjoining the former Korczak Summer camp, “Rózyczka”.
The first phase of the project was initiated by the local Community and consists of a beautiful Mural with Korczak motifs painted on the concrete wall previously bordering Rozyczka camp. In the Korczak spirit, neighborhood children themselves were engaged as helpers in its making. The Project is the creation of the artist, Bartosz Milewski, and the photographer, Anna Gezik, with the help of the local historical researcher, Adam Matysiak, and the local politician, Lucan Zakrzewski, and others. Mr. Norbert Szczepanski, the Mayor of Wawer, has been praised for his support for this Project and its educational value in the fight against prejudice.
The KOMITET has proposed to extend the Mural in the westward direction to cover the otherwise unsightly bare cement of the existing wall. With this purpose in mind, the KOMITET will meet in the first week of January 2020 in Warsaw. The work on the extension of the mural is largely completed, but it was temporarily halted by the coronavirus pandemic.

VI. Exhibition of the models of the buildings where Korczak Dom Sierot was located and also other spots associated with Janusz Korczak such as Bersohn & Baumans Hospital. 

The models are built in a 1:25 scale and also include Różyczka Summer Camp, a Wooden bridge over Chłodna Street, and Cattle cars at Umschlagplatz. Continued to 2021.

VII. SHMA Research Group trip to the Ghetto Fighters House Museum, Lohamei HaGeta'ot, in Israel to consult archival materials and photographs relating to Korczak (the end of 2019)

VIII. The 9th International Conference on the Educational Legacy of Janusz Korczak was held on November 26-27 in Tel Aviv - activ participation.