Vi kallade de oftast för gnuggisar. Det handlade om bokstäver, siffror och symboler man kunde överföra bl.a. på sina vetenskapliga foton och rapporter.
Gnuggisar kunde enkelt överföras till fotografier eller papper med medföljande gnuggpinne eller kulspetspenna.
De som gick mest åt var siffror och bokstäver u och m. Detta för att tillsammans med l eller i forma my-tecken, således en mikrometer. Mikrometer är en längdenhet betecknande 10−6 meter, alltså en miljondels meter eller 0,000 001 meter. Enheten förkortas µm. Det var först efter flera år av gnuggandet som de stora firmor och en del mindre började göra färdiga µ tecken och så småningom µm.
De jag har arbetat med röntgenmikroanalys så fanns även behovet av kemiska symboler som man gnuggade längs de spektrala topparna.
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| För att få en vit bakgrund under a, b, c och d, använde vi runda pappersbitar ur ett hålslag. |
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| Det var en mindre revolution när man fick färdiga grundämne-symboler. De lätta grundämnen Na, Mg, P,S, Cl, K och Ca användes mest! |
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Entire above "drawing" was done by using "gnuggisar" or "rub-downs". LTVEP - processor by Wroblewski R. Low Temperature Vacuum Embedding Processor. An integrated system for freeze-drying, vacuum embedding and UV-light polymerization. Starting temperature -196 C.
The validity of freeze-drying and low temperature embedding in Lowicryl resins has been investigated in studies of ion distribution in mouse embryological inner ear, rat rib growth plate, liver and submandibular gland. The morphological preservation of the tissues was adequate for the identification of different intracellular compartments and extracellular structures. It was also possible to analyze extracellular fluids in the vestibular part of the developing inner ear. Compared with thin cryosections, Lowicryl sections are easier to produce and are more stable during analysis. Freeze-dried embedded material can be easily reorientated during cutting and adjacent sections can be used for other purposes such as histochemical and morphological investigations. We found that hydrophilic Lowicryl K11M, which is normally used for immunocytochemical investigations, also can be used for microanalysis. That opens the possibility for combined immunocytochemical and microanalytical studies. However, infiltration and polymerization steps have to be carried out at slightly higher temperatures than when the hydrophobic Lowicryl HM23 is used.
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| Upphovsmannen till LTVEP - processor eller Low Temperature Vacuum Embedding Processor. It was an integrated system for freeze-drying, vacuum embedding and UV-light polymerization. Starting temperature -196 C. |
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| LetrAVision var en serie genomskinliga gnuggisar för t.ex. overhead eller liknande. |
Andra gnuggisar var små låtsas tatueringar som man fick till vissa tuggummin. De hade dock gnuggmotiv såsom pirater, hjärtan, fjärilar och dylikt.
Dry transfers (also called rub-ons or rubdowns) are decals that can be applied without the use of water or other solvent. The decal itself is on a backing material such as paper or plastic sheeting much like a transparency. The dry transfer is placed in the desired location with the backing side up. The decal is then applied by burnishing the backing with a stylus or similar object such as a ballpoint pen. The contact side of the decal includes a pressure-sensitive adhesive; the combination of heat and pressure causes the decal to stick better to the new surface than to the backing. When the backing is removed, the decal remains. This allows for ink only where needed even if the pattern is delicate, because the backing supports the decal while it is being applied.
