Wednesday, March 18, 2020

Leaving Sweden after UNRRA and Red Cross action in 1945

1945 influx of Jewish DPs to Sweden resulted in numerous activities concerning the work.
DPs that were healthy were almost directly, read after two weeks of karantän start working at the factories and in the fields. Many stay permits in Sweden do have an annotation about the need of workers. That was the case prior to summer 1946 when there was lack of agriculture workers, especially in Southern Sweden there beet harvest needed many hands.

Jewish DPs group in Sweden was not an uniform group. Numerous DPs brought from the concentrations camps were dying in the Swedish Hospitals. A big group of Jewish DPs worked at the different factories in southern Sweden. Many of the knew exactly about the fate of their family. They saw them to go to the area of the camp where gas chambers and crematory were located. This group of peoples were not waiting fro messages from home countries, they wanted to leave Sweden, to leave Europe as for them it represented just a grave yard.

Many of them wanted to emigrate to Eretz Israel - British Mandate of Palestine. The reasons for that were numerous. First, as mentioned above, they wanted to leave Europe and their home countries for ever. The immigration to Eretz Israel was popular already before WWII and many of survivors were stopped from the legal and illegal emigration to Israel. Of course the Holocaust in Europe that Jews need own country and can not rely on the own countryman that actively and passively took part in in murder of 6 000 000 Jews. It was, however, difficult to reach Eretz Israel. Moving through entire Europe to the Mediterranean ports was dangerous. Further trip, crossing the sea was dangerous as well. British intelligence was all the time looking for ships all over the Europe that could bring Holocaust survivors - illegal immigrants to the Mandate of Palestine. There were regular fights on the ships like Welfare and Ulua. It is likely that S/S Ulua was already spotted in December 1946 in Marseille where the ship was rebuild for the mission of bringing Holocaust survivors from Sweden. British tried  to stop the ship on the was to Sweden, a.o. in Denmark. After January 24th, 1947 when New York Times reported that survivors left Sweden, British were more or less sure about the final destination. After one month trip S/S Ulua was spotted by Lancaster, British reconnaissance aircraft. Thereafter British destroyers followed S/S Ulua and intercepted the ship on February 27 near cost of Bat Galim: just south of Haifa. The captain succeeded to put the boat on ground. Some refugees jumped of the boat into the water but they had no chance to escape as barbed wire surrounded the beach and was watched by British paratroopers. Survivors of the Holocaust were sent to the camp again, this time British detention camp no. 66 in Cyprus. The Time Magazine wrote about in in the issue of March 10, 1947.


Many of Jewish DPs had already families in Israel so their choice was simple. Of course many, especially youngsters were easily influenced by Zionism. Both prior WWII and now, after the war in Sweden.

Prior WWII there were numerous Jewish organizations in Sweden that were dedicated to the agricultural training, Jewish education of Jewish youth. They plan continuous migration of trained youngsters to Mandate of Palestine. These organizations operated also in other European countries. Just prior to outburst of WWII in mid June 1939, 50 youngsters arrived to Hälsingegården, just 4 km from Falun in Dalarna. It is possible that some of the youngsters were part of the Kindertransport evacuation to Sweden in January 1939. About 500 children who were officially allowed to Sweden.

After WWII the biggest problem was the transportation of trained youth from Sweden to Eretz Israel.



Some of the youngsters from Sweden were legally allowed to enter Eretz Israel. However, the number of the was very limited.