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The Bersohn and Bauman Children's Hospital before the Reconstruction: The True View from Śliska Street. This rare, colourized historical photograph provides a crucial correction to standard biographical accounts, which have traditionally misidentified this perspective as a view from Sienna Street. In reality, this depicts the hospital grounds from the Śliska Street side, captured in its original architectural form prior to the major rebuilding and expansion of the hospital complex. Most significantly, this image captures the exact structural environment of Janusz Korczak's daily life during his formative medical tenure. The small, two-story building standing on the far left, right at the edge of the street, is the original gatekeeper’s lodge where Korczak lived together with his mother, Cecylia Goldszmit, following his formal appointment as a resident city physician (lekarz miejscowy) in 1905. While the hospital gatekeeper occupied the ground floor, Dr. Henryk Goldszmit and his mother shared the flat on the first floor. It was within these very walls, in the direct shadow of the clinical wards, that he balanced his demanding medical duties with the writing of his early, foundational pedagogical texts.
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| September 9 (21), 1899. An article "Szpitalik dla dzieci" (Little Hospital for Children), published in the weekly Czytelnia dla Wszystkich (No. 38). Henryk Goldszmit was then a mere freshman medical student, a nineteen-year-old boy looking at his future domain. He signed this text using the hidden cryptonym H. R. |
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The Architectural Blueprint of the Bersohn and Bauman Hospital: Mapping Korczak’s True Topography. This original hand-drawn architectural plan provides the ultimate, unyielding cartographic proof that settles the debate regarding the hospital's orientation and the exact location of Janusz Korczak’s home. The orientation of the map is clearly marked in Cyrillic script at the top and bottom:Top: Сѣнная (Sienna Street) bordering the lush hospital garden and orchard rows. Bottom: Сlizkaya / Слизкая (Śliska Street), establishing the actual front-facing boundary of the original complex. The Anatomy of the Gatekeeper's Lodge (The Home of Korczak and His Mother) Following the boundary line along the bottom edge (Śliska Street) to the far left, the plan clearly depicts the footprint of the gatekeeper's lodge—the very site of Dr. Henryk Goldszmit's domestic and medical life from 1905 to 1912. As clearly delineated on the map, this building is a distinct, pink-colored structure shaped like a block-letter "C" (or an inverted "U" open towards the inner courtyard). This specific architectural configuration allowed the building to serve its dual purpose perfectly: its long outer edge faced and monitored Śliska Street directly, while the inner recess formed a small, private transit enclave right at the hospital's main entrance gate. When Korczak was appointed as the resident city physician (lekarz miejscowy) in 1905, he and his mother, Cecylia Goldszmit, moved onto the first floor of this very "C"-shaped structure, directly above the ground-floor quarters of the hospital gatekeeper. This map beautifully anchors your previous discovery, providing a precise spatial context to the rooms where Korczak balanced his intense clinical duties with the quiet writing of his early pedagogical manifestos. |
Korczak's Pedagogical Tree: Roots and the First Branches Grow at the Children's Hospital on Śliska Street.
A Topographical and Archival Inversion
by Roman Romuald Wasserman Wroblewski
The monumental legacy of Janusz Korczak—his fully developed methodology of child sovereignty, the children’s parliament, and the radical empathy of his final years—did not emerge from a vacuum. It is a massive pedagogical tree. If we trace its crown, heavy branches, and trunk backward through time, we find ourselves in a specific physical topography in Warsaw: the Bersohn and Bauman Children's Hospital between Śliska and Sienna streets.
The First Branches: From Śliska Street to the Orphanage
The clinical and human experience gained on Śliska Street generated the very first functional "branches" of Korczak’s life’s work. It was his daily contact with the neglected children of the Warsaw slums and interaction with Dr Izaak Eliasberg that pushed him directly toward the Summer Camps Society (Towarzystwo Kolonii Letnich) and his formative, experiential trips to Michałówka, where his early sociological books were conceived.
Furthermore, it was at Śliska Street that Korczak formed a deep, lifelong scientific alliance and friendship with Dr. Izaak Eliasberg, a prominent physician at the hospital. It was through this organic collaboration that the Orphan Asylum at 2 Franciszkańska Street. This institution served as the structural and ideological stepping stone, the direct evolutionary precursor, toward Korczak's ultimate monument: the Orphanage at Krochmalna 92. Every single branch of his legacy grew from this soil.
The Roots: The Resident Physician and the Hidden Flat Above the Gatekeeper
Moving deeper down the tree, we hit the heavy roots of his actual medical tenure. In 1905, as a newly graduated physician, Henryk Goldszmit assumed the permanent post of resident physician (lekarz miejscowy) at the hospital on Śliska Street, a position he would hold for eight grueling years until 1912.
Standard biographers often omit the raw, domestic reality of this period. By structural regulations and vocational call, the resident doctor had to live permanently on the hospital grounds. Korczak did not occupy a room in the main medical pavilion; instead, he moved into the modest, one-story building standing directly on Śliska Street—the first house on the left in historical photographs. The hospital gatekeeper lived on the ground floor, while young Dr. Henryk Goldszmit lived on the first floor together with his mother, Cecylia Goldszmit.
Following the family’s total financial ruin and the tragic mental decline of his father, these small rooms over the gatekeeper's quarters became a sanctuary for Henryk and his mother. Here, in the intense proximity of his domestic duty to his mother, and surrounded by the relentless cries of sick infants from the courtyard, the "Korczak habitus" was forged. In these rooms, he penned his first major publicistic and pedagogical manifestos.
The First Seed (1899): "Szpitalik dla dzieci"
But what was the absolute first seed (The Seed) from which this entire tree germinated? To find it, we must go back even further, to the very bottom of the archive—to September 9 (21), 1899.
Below is the first complete English translation of the article "Szpitalik dla dzieci" (Little Hospital for Children), published in the weekly Czytelnia dla Wszystkich (No. 38). Henryk Goldszmit was then a mere freshman medical student, a nineteen-year-old boy looking at his future domain. He signed this text using the hidden cryptonym H. R.
This text is the foundational spark—the material evidence that his universalist worldview was already fully formed before the turn of the century:
LITTLE HOSPITAL FOR CHILDREN.
Speaking of shelters for healthy children, which are undoubtedly very necessary in a large city, we shall also say a few words about another institution that renders significant services to the poor population of our city—without distinction of religion.
We have just visited the little hospital for children on Śliska Street, and we must admit that the idea of creating such establishments for these impoverished, helpless, tiny creatures is surely among the most beautiful and humanitarian. Let us step inside the building; bypassing all the comforts of the entire little hospital—the cleanliness, the spaciousness of the wards, and other favorable conditions which are naturally capable of attracting a class usually detached from doctors and medicines—let us observe the entire internal arrangement.
There are seven wards in total, properly lit, with sufficient and viable ventilation, designated for sick children, containing 42 beds. In addition to this, however, the little hospital possesses several other rooms, namely: an operating room for surgical cases, an analysis room, and several outpatient clinics for visiting patients. In these outpatient clinics, free medical advice is provided not only to children but also to sick adults without distinction of religion, both women and men, whereby the poorest also receive medicines free of charge.
In the little hospital on Śliska Street, protective smallpox vaccinations are also administered; the hospital’s income varies: first and foremost, the founders of the institution remember its existence, contributing a fixed annual fee; next, from the interest on capitals; from voluntary donations by various individuals, and finally, from accidental revenues.
The chief physician of the little hospital is Dr. J. Portner; besides him, the little hospital has several attending physicians and a resident physician.
This is what we saw in this useful institution, which naturally must leave a good impression on everyone. A sick little wretch, brought here from a dark, foul-smelling basement, or rather from a dreary den stubbornly called a dwelling—will by that very fact feel unutterable relief under the influence of the clean atmosphere and comfortable bedding. Furthermore, if we take into account the medicine administered on time, the skillful handling of the patient, and the accurate medical advice delivered in due season, we shall have an idea of how vital the significance of a children's hospital can be in a district densely populated by the poor. There, a mother is not only unable to watch over her child, but often lacks the time for such a luxury, even though from the bottom of her soul she would long to bring relief to her sick little one.
Moreover, can this working-class mother, thinking of tomorrow, overworked and often forced to maintain the entire family, occupy herself with a sick child? Can she call a doctor to the house, and can she truly afford the medicine? No! And so, this institution is a blessing for her, relieving her of so many troubles.
The little hospital on Śliska Street combines within its building an extraordinarily rich and valuable medical library, which, continuously expanded with serious works from the field of medicine, currently contains about 1,400 volumes, in addition to specialized medical journals, both domestic and foreign. Young medical candidates, students, and others who do not even belong to the hospital staff also frequently benefit from the valuable works of the library.
H. R.
The Material Truth
When the nineteen-year-old student Goldszmit twice hammered the phrase "without distinction of religion" into his very first hospital review, the seed of his entire life was planted. He established that a child's suffering has no nationality and no creed.
When he returned there in 1905, he simply grew into the very roots he had observed. The tree that eventually blossomed at 92 Krochmalna Street and stood unbowed in Treblinka was entirely structured by the architecture of this small, one-story house over the gatekeeper's lodge on Śliska Street. The timestamps of history do not lie.
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Janusz Korczak on the left, Izaak Eliasberg in the middle, and Stefania Wilczynska on the right.
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