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| In October 1899, within the pages of the weekly Czytelnia dla Wszystkich (No. 42), he published a short story titled "Karmelki" (Hard Candies) under the simple pen name Janusz. |
Long before the brand "Janusz Korczak" became a global monument for child sovereignty, and long before the children’s court or the newspaper Mały Przegląd were even conceived, a nineteen-year-old medical student named Henryk Goldszmit planted the absolute first ideological seed of his entire life's work.
In October 1899, within the pages of the weekly Czytelnia dla Wszystkich (No. 42), he published a short story titled "Karmelki" (Hard Candies) under the simple pen name Janusz.
This newly recovered text is a breathtaking literary document. It contains the exact structural and emotional blueprint for everything Korczak would build decades later. Here, for the first time in English, is the complete translation of this foundational masterpiece:
KARMELKI (HARD CANDIES)
"Good morning, young lady," said Mr. Ignacy, an old bachelor in blue spectacles, as he sat down on a chair and pulled from his pocket a snuffbox containing snuff prepared in absolute secrecy, so as not to reveal what he put inside—though its fragrance was deeply admired by his companions from the Saxon Garden.
"Half a pound of hard candies for the good gentleman?" the "young lady" asked with a smile.
"Ah, yes, as usual, as usual, for fifteen kopecks."
"You must truly enjoy our candies!"
"They are not for me."
"For a grandchild, surely!"
"No, my good lady, not for a grandchild; I have no grandchild. These are just for the children. If you ever have the time, young lady, I will tell you something, and perhaps even give you something to read about these candies."
Saying this, he carefully tucked the neatly wrapped candies into his pocket and walked out.
"Half a pound of hard candies for the good gentleman?" the "young lady" asked with a smile.
"Ah, yes, as usual, as usual, for fifteen kopecks."
"You must truly enjoy our candies!"
"They are not for me."
"For a grandchild, surely!"
"No, my good lady, not for a grandchild; I have no grandchild. These are just for the children. If you ever have the time, young lady, I will tell you something, and perhaps even give you something to read about these candies."
Saying this, he carefully tucked the neatly wrapped candies into his pocket and walked out.
By chance, I came to know Mr. Ignacy. When I reminded him that he had promised the young lady from the confectionery that he would let her read something about the candies, and that I, too, wished to know what he had written about them, he grumbled reluctantly:
"Eh, what use is it to you; you young people will not understand me, and at best, you will only laugh at me."
It cost me a great deal of effort before he finally agreed to read his notes. They were contained within a rather thick notebook.
"Sit down, sir, and listen."
He began to read:
"When I was young, I possessed talents, memory, and strength, and yet I felt like doing absolutely nothing. Heaven gave me much, but I wasted these gifts instead of putting them to use for others and myself. Not only did I do nothing good during the first twenty-five years of my life, but I did not even educate myself to become a useful worker and an independent human being. A year before her death, my mother, weeping, begged an old colleague of her late husband—my father—to grant me a certain office post, at which I then sat for seventeen years. Afterward, I received my pension and began to live from then on without purpose, without occupation, and without health, which had withered during those thirty years of idleness. I had neither a wife nor anyone close to me, so I felt very miserable. I used to walk for hours through the streets, watching what this city looked like, in which I had lived for so many years but which I hardly knew, because I used to spend entire days in a single room over my desk. Although my legs pained me greatly because they had grown unaccustomed to walking, I walked nevertheless, because everything fascinated me as if I were a child seeing a butterfly and other beautiful things for the very first time. I thought a lot during those walks and arrived at a conclusion: If I had worked as I ought to have, and developed my talents, I could now possess a great fortune and could help many of those poor people, whom I can now only look at and nothing more.
"Eh, what use is it to you; you young people will not understand me, and at best, you will only laugh at me."
It cost me a great deal of effort before he finally agreed to read his notes. They were contained within a rather thick notebook.
"Sit down, sir, and listen."
He began to read:
"When I was young, I possessed talents, memory, and strength, and yet I felt like doing absolutely nothing. Heaven gave me much, but I wasted these gifts instead of putting them to use for others and myself. Not only did I do nothing good during the first twenty-five years of my life, but I did not even educate myself to become a useful worker and an independent human being. A year before her death, my mother, weeping, begged an old colleague of her late husband—my father—to grant me a certain office post, at which I then sat for seventeen years. Afterward, I received my pension and began to live from then on without purpose, without occupation, and without health, which had withered during those thirty years of idleness. I had neither a wife nor anyone close to me, so I felt very miserable. I used to walk for hours through the streets, watching what this city looked like, in which I had lived for so many years but which I hardly knew, because I used to spend entire days in a single room over my desk. Although my legs pained me greatly because they had grown unaccustomed to walking, I walked nevertheless, because everything fascinated me as if I were a child seeing a butterfly and other beautiful things for the very first time. I thought a lot during those walks and arrived at a conclusion: If I had worked as I ought to have, and developed my talents, I could now possess a great fortune and could help many of those poor people, whom I can now only look at and nothing more.
And I do not know how it happened, but I know that it came to my mind that since it is difficult to chase sorrow from a child's brow, and yet so easy, because with a single hard candy one can summon a smile to their lips and chase tears from their eyes, I resolved to do at least this much good with what little strength remains in me at the twilight of my life.
"So, it was then that I bought a few gingerbreads and candies for the very first time and distributed them, but back then I had not yet developed a method for it, so it went clumsily. But slowly, I devised a system for myself: I would give candies in three specific instances. First, when a child cries because it has been wronged. For example, if they take away the chestnuts it had gathered, or if they strike it, or something similar. Secondly, I will give a candy, not as a reward for being 'good,' but for work. For example, if a little boy is carrying a heavy basket with breakfast for his father, or if a small girl is washing laundry in the water, or carrying an infant only slightly younger than herself. Thirdly, if I see a child sitting somewhere, staring blankly at a single point: clearly, that child needs a candy, so that at least for a moment I may awaken a thought within it. It will think about what kind of gentleman this is, why he gave it a candy, and perhaps other thoughts will enter its head as well.
"It is sad when a man already sees that he can do no more, because he lacks both strength and means, having wasted so many gifts of heaven in his youth; but even this much is good with these candies, because at least within the scope of my ability I try to do something good, even if it is little and too late."
I do not know what to call this candy treatise of Mr. Ignacy; I only know that it made a deep impression on me. He stopped reading, and his voice was so sad as he spoke.
"Well, and what do you say, sir?" he asked.
"Only one thing: I sincerely sympathize with you."
He kissed me on the forehead, but he did not treat me to a candy, because those... are for the children. And from that day on, I am often in possession of it. Over the last seventeen years of his life, Mr. Ignacy distributed seven hundred and ninety-three pounds of candies, and every single candy given has its own line in his notebook. I fondle this old, yellowed notebook of a crank. Sometimes, weary from work, I take it into my hands and read:
"In front of the confectionery stood a little tinker-boy, staring at the Easter delicacies. Three candies."
"Mania and Władzio are gathering murky pieces of coal by the Vistula for fuel. Two candies each."
"Jaś is crying because the boys took away his willow switch. A candy."
"Judaś is walking to the market with his mother to sell wipers. Two candies." And so on, without end.
"Well, and what do you say, sir?" he asked.
"Only one thing: I sincerely sympathize with you."
He kissed me on the forehead, but he did not treat me to a candy, because those... are for the children. And from that day on, I am often in possession of it. Over the last seventeen years of his life, Mr. Ignacy distributed seven hundred and ninety-three pounds of candies, and every single candy given has its own line in his notebook. I fondle this old, yellowed notebook of a crank. Sometimes, weary from work, I take it into my hands and read:
"In front of the confectionery stood a little tinker-boy, staring at the Easter delicacies. Three candies."
"Mania and Władzio are gathering murky pieces of coal by the Vistula for fuel. Two candies each."
"Jaś is crying because the boys took away his willow switch. A candy."
"Judaś is walking to the market with his mother to sell wipers. Two candies." And so on, without end.
And I think then about how much this man—destroyed by so many years of labor, poor, nearly helpless—still managed to summon smiles and thoughts. If he had been wealthier, he could have distributed elementary books; if he had been stronger, he could have distributed knowledge in such a way. Ah, a single human being, devoted to working for others, is a giant who can perform miracles.
Many years have passed since the death of Mr. Ignacy in the blue spectacles, and the snuff that smelled so fragrantly that it aroused the admiration of the snobs in the Saxon Garden has gone with him to the grave. The secret of preparing that snuff went with him, but as for the candies, in my free moments I falsify [continue] his work, both I and others by the Vistula, to add a few more lines to Mr. Ignacy’s notebook.
Janusz.
The Critical Historical Significance
When the nineteen-year-old student Henryk Goldszmit penned the final lines of this story, promising to "add a few more lines to Mr. Ignacy’s notebook," he was declaring his life's manifesto.
This text shatters the myth that Korczak’s documentation methods were a sudden development of the 1920s. The "thick, yellowed notebook" of pan Ignacy, where every single child and every candy has its own precise line, is the direct, spiritual ancestor of the "Zeszyt Bursisty" (Bursar's Notebook) kept by Jadzia Wajsztok that we analyzed earlier.
Furthermore, his structural criteria for distributing candies represent the birth of his entire pedagogical methodology:
- Defense against adult injustice (comforting the child whose chestnuts or switches were stolen).
- Validation of the child's labor and subjecthood (acknowledging the small girl washing laundry or the boy carrying his father's breakfast).
- Stimulating the child's mind (giving a candy to a child staring blankly, explicitly to "awaken a thought within it").
Finally, the inclusion of Judaś selling wipers next to Mania and Władzio gathering coal reinforces the absolute universalism of Korczak’s worldview. For him, the suffering, the labor, and the interior world of the working-class child carried no national border and no specific creed.
Decades later, in the Warsaw Ghetto, the Old Doctor would become the real-life Mr. Ignacy in iron spectacles, fighting until his very last breath to put a single "candy" of dignity and thought into the hands of the world's most abandoned children.

























