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| Survivors and the second generation (most of the children born 1946 -1949) in Sródborów in 1952. |
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| Kyiv fell into German hands on September 19, 1941. Kyiv was an important railway junction for the Soviets. Here, at Kyiv Hauptbanhof, my father worked as "Polnischer Facharbeiter Maurer von Beruf". The city was retaken by the Red Army at the beginning of November 1943. |
Emanuel Ringelblum describes the main Jewish Survival Strategies for the Jews who were trying to leave the ghettos.
Ghettos were actually enclosed by several barriers. The most difficult, most effective, was the invisible one. The ghetto walls, the borders of the ghetto, could be passed. The problem was an invisible barrier that started just outside the wall.
